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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
- Map references:
- Middle East
- Area:
- total area:
- 17,820 sq km
- land area:
- 17,820 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than New Jersey
- Land boundaries:
- total 464 km, Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km
- Coastline:
- 499 km
- Maritime claims:
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with
- Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687
- (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to
- Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al
- Maradim islands disputed by Saudi Arabia
- Climate:
- dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters
- Terrain:
- flat to slightly undulating desert plain
- Natural resources:
- petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 0%
- permanent crops:
- 0%
- meadows and pastures:
- 8%
- forest and woodland:
- 0%
- other:
- 92%
- Irrigated land:
- 20 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most
- sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and
- water pollution; desertification
- natural hazards:
- sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April, they bring inordinate
- amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and duststorms
- occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August
- international agreements:
- party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law
- of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not
- ratified - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping
- Note:
- strategic location at head of Persian Gulf
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 1,817,397 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 34% (female 302,908; male 319,659)
- 15-64 years:
- 64% (female 467,163; male 697,849)
- 65 years and over:
- 2% (female 13,476; male 16,342) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 7.46% (1995 est.)
- note:
- this rate reflects the continued post-Gulf crisis return of nationals and
- expatriates
- Birth rate:
- 21.07 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 2.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 55.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 11.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 75.64 years
- male:
- 73.33 years
- female:
- 78.06 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Kuwaiti(s)
- adjective:
- Kuwaiti
- Ethnic divisions:
- Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%
- Religions:
- Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and
- other 15%
- Languages:
- Arabic (official), English widely spoken
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1985)
- total population:
- 74%
- male:
- 78%
- female:
- 69%
- Labor force:
- 566,000 (1986)
- by occupation:
- services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%, finance
- and real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%, mining and
- quarrying 1.4%
- note:
- 70% of labor force non-Kuwaiti (1986)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- State of Kuwait
- conventional short form:
- Kuwait
- local long form:
- Dawlat al Kuwayt
- local short form:
- Al Kuwayt
- Digraph:
- KU
- Type:
- nominal constitutional monarchy
- Capital:
- Kuwait
- Administrative divisions:
- 5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al 'Ahmadi, Al Jahrah, Al
- Kuwayt, Hawalli, Al Farwaniyah
- Independence:
- 19 June 1961 (from UK)
- National holiday:
- National Day, 25 February (1948)
- Constitution:
- approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
- Legal system:
- civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not
- accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
- Suffrage:
- adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their male descendants at
- age 21
- note:
- only 10% of all citizens are eligible to vote; in 1996, naturalized citizens
- who do not meet the pre-1920 qualification but have been naturalized for
- thirty years will be eligible to vote
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- Amir Shaykh JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 31 December 1977)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister and Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah (since 8
- February 1978); Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah
- (since 17 October 1992)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the Prime Minister and approved by the
- Amir
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- National Assembly (Majlis al-umma):
- dissolved 3 July 1986; new elections were held on 5 October 1992 with a
- second election in the 14th and 16th constituencies held February 1993
- Judicial branch:
- High Court of Appeal
- Political parties and leaders:
- none
- Other political or pressure groups:
- small, clandestine leftist and Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active;
- several groups critical of government policies are publicly active
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Government
- Member of:
- ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC,
- IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
- INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC,
- OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim Al SABAH
- chancery:
- 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 966-0702
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 966-0517
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Ryan C. CROCKER
- embassy:
- Bneid al-Gar (opposite the Kuwait International Hotel), Kuwait City
- mailing address:
- P.O. Box 77 SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; Unit 69000, Kuwait; APO AE
- 09880-9000
- telephone:
- [965] 2424151 through 2424159
- FAX:
- [965] 2442855
- Flag:
- three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black
- trapezoid based on the hoist side
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Kuwait is a small and relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves
- of about 94 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Kuwait has rebuilt its
- war-ravaged petroleum sector; its crude oil production reached at least 2.0
- million barrels per day by the end of 1993. The government ran a sizable
- fiscal deficit in 1993. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP and 90% of
- export and government revenues. Kuwait lacks water and has practically no
- arable land, thus preventing development of agriculture. With the exception
- of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable
- water must be distilled or imported. Because of its high per capita income,
- comparable with Western European incomes, Kuwait provides its citizens with
- extensive health, educational, and retirement benefits. Per capita military
- expenditures are among the highest in the world. The economy improved
- moderately in 1994, with the growth in industry and finance, and should see
- further gains in 1995, especially if oil prices go up. The World Bank has
- urged Kuwait to push ahead with privatization, including in the oil
- industry, but the government will move slowly on this front.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $30.7 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 9.3% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $16,900 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 3% (1993)
- Unemployment rate:
- NEGL% (1992 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $9 billion
- expenditures:
- $13 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93)
- Exports:
- $10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- oil
- partners:
- France 16%, Italy 15%, Japan 12%, UK 11%
- Imports:
- $6.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing
- partners:
- US 35%, Japan 12%, UK 9%, Canada 9%
- External debt:
- $7.2 billion (December 1989 est.)
- note:
- external debt has grown substantially in 1991 and 1992 to pay for
- restoration of war damage
- Industrial production:
- growth rate NA%; accounts for NA% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 7,070,000 kW
- production:
- 11 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 6,007 kWh (1993)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Economy
- Industries:
- petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, building
- materials, salt, construction
- Agriculture:
- practically none; extensive fishing in territorial waters and Indian Ocean
- Economic aid:
- donor:
- pledged bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89), $18.3 billion
- Currency:
- 1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils
- Exchange rates:
- Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.2991 (January 1995), 0.2976 (1994), 0.3017
- (1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843 (1991), 0.2915 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- 1 July - 30 June
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- 0 km
- Highways:
- total:
- 4,270 km
- paved:
- bituminous 3,370 km
- unpaved:
- gravel, sand, earth 900 km (est.)
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km
- Ports:
- Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi,
- Mina' Su'ud
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,202,558 GRT/3,618,527 DWT
- ships by type:
- cargo 9, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 7, livestock carrier 4, oil
- tanker 24
- Airports:
- total:
- 8
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 3
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 2
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 1
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 1
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- NA telephones; civil network suffered extensive damage as a result of the
- Gulf war and reconstruction is still under way with some restored
- international and domestic capabilities
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- earth stations destroyed during Gulf war and not rebuilt yet; temporary
- mobile satellite antennae provide international telecommunications; coaxial
- cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; service to Iraq is
- nonoperational
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 3
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Kuwait
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National Guard
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 610,205; males fit for military service 363,735; males reach
- military age (18) annually 16,170 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 13.3% of GDP (1995)
-